Geum urbanum

English: Herb Bennet - Blessed Herb - Holy Herb - Colewort
Nederlands: Geel nagelkruid - Gewoon nagelkruid
Español: Hierba de San Benito - Hierba Bennet
Français: Benoîte commune - Benoîte des villes - Herbe du bon soldat
Deutsch: Echte Nelkenwurz - Gemeine Nelkenwurz - Benediktinerkraut

Family: Rosaceae - Rose family
Flowering time: May-August
Height: 20-60 cm
Altitude: to 2000m
Colour: yellow
Flower: 8-15mm
Fruit: achenes hairy, with feathery, hooked styles
Leaves: basal leaves with 1-5 pairs of unequal, deeply-lobed; stem leaves 3-lobed
Habitat: woods, dunes, shaded habitats
Distribution: almost all over Europe





Notes: The fruits of Geum urbanum have burrs, which are used for dispersal by getting caught in the fur of animals or clothes of people. Geum urbanum hybridises fairly regularly with Geum rivale (Water Avens), as they are closely related and occur together (Geum x intermedium). Geum urbanum is on the Belgium Red List of vascular plants classified as ´at the moment not threatened´. In the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain, apart from Geum urbanum three other Geum species can be found: Geum heterocarpum, Geum rivale and Geum sylvaticum.

Related key words: Heemtuin Kralingse Bos Rotterdam, Refugio Rosales, San Jerónimo, Dehesa del Camarate, Sierra Nevada, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Picos de Europa, insect

Geum sylvaticum

English:
Nederlands:
Español: Hierba del ermitaño - Cege
Français: Benoîte des bois
Deutsch:

Family: Rosaceae - Rose family
Flowering time: April-June
Height: 10-40cm
Altitude: 500-1800m
Colour: yellow
Flower: usually 5 petals, fruits have hooked achenes
Leaves: basal leaves and stem leaves different
Habitat: shaded grasslands, clearings in holm oak or pine forests
Distribution: western Mediterranean; France and Spain
Synonym: Geum pyrenaicum var. sylvaticum





Notes: In the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain, apart from Geum sylvaticum three other Geum species can be found: Geum heterocarpum, Geum rivale and Geum urbanum.

Related key words: San Jerónimo, Güéjar Sierra, Jardin Botánico la Cortijuela, Sierra Nevada, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Pirineos, Pyrenees, Pyreneeën, Picos de Europa, Alps, nagelkruid, Avens, Nelkenwurz

Sedum album

English: White Stonecrop
Nederlands: Wit vetkruid
Español: Uña de gato menor - Uña de gato blanca - Arroz
Français: Orpin blan - Sédum blanc
Deutsch: Weiße Fetthenne - Weißer Mauerpfeffer

Family: Crassulaceae - Stonecrop family
Flowering time: June-July
Height: 15-20cm
Altitude: to 2500m
Colour: white, pink follicles
Flower: 6-9mm in much-branched flat-topped clusters
Leaves: alternate, fleshy, nearly cylindrical with a blunt, rounded tip
Habitat: seashore rocks, dunes, rocky meadows, screes, roofs, old walls
Distribution: almost all European countries






Notes: White stonecrop is a tufted perennial herb that forms mat-like stands. Much of the year the stems are short, semi prostrate and densely clad in leaves. At the flowering time the stems lengthen and are erect, occasionally branched and often pinkish-brown. Sedum album is sometimes cultivated in gardens and is a successful plant on green roofs. White Stonecrop has naturalized in a number of countries.

Related key words: Kapittelduinen Hoek van Holland, Junta de los Rios Bérchules, Trevenque, Vereda de la Estrella, Venta El Nogal, subida al Veleta, dehesa de San Jerónimo, cuenca del río Monachil, Cerro de los Poyos, Barranco de las Víboras, Sierra Nevada, Sierra de Huétor, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Pirineos, Pyrenees, Pyreneeën, Barranco de Estiviella (Hecho), Monte Oturia (Yebra de Basa), Balcón de Pineta (Bielsa), Picos de Europa, Spain, Alps

Parnassia palustris

English: Grass of Parnassus - Northern Grass-of-Parnassus - Bog-star
Nederlands: Parnassia
Español: Hepática blanca - Hierba del Parnaso
Français: Parnassie des marais
Deutsch: Sumpf-Herzblatt - Studentenröschen

Family: Parnassiaceae - Grass of Parnussus family
Flowering time: June-September
Height: 10-30cm
Altitude: to 2600m
Colour: white
Flower: solitary, 15-30mm, 5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens
Leaves: basal, heart-shaped
Habitat: damp mountain pastures, wet dune slacks, fens, streamside flushes
Distribution: most European countries, in southern Europe only in the mountains






Notes: Parnassia palustris can form extensive colonies. Plants of Grass of Parnassus flower for about a week. During this period the stamens lean, one or two at the time, over the stigma, retiring after they have shed their pollen and giving place to others. The branched staminodes have a solid nectar-secreting base, glistening like a drop of honey. In Belgium Parnassia palustris is on the Belgium Red List of vascular plants classified as threatened with extinction. In the Netherlands it is on the Dutch Red List of vascular plants classified as vulnerable. In this country it can be found in wet dune slacks. In the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain Parnassia Palustris can be found in the borreguiles (wet pastures) and along stream sides above 2000m.

Related key words: Kapittelduinen Hoek van Holland, Nederlandse Rode Lijst, Barranco de las Albardas Trevélez, Borreguiles del Barranco de San Juan, Prado del Espino, Corral de Veleta, San Jerónimo Monachil, Sierra Nevada, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Pirineos, Pyrenees, Pyreneeën, Picos de Europa, Spain, Alps

Trifolium stellatum

English: Starry Clover - Star Clover - Starry-headed trefoil
Nederlands: Sterklaver
Español: Trébol estrellado
Français: Trèfle étoilé
Deutsch: Stern-Klee

Family: Fabaceae - Leguminosae - Legume family - Pea family
Flowering time: March-July
Height: 10-25cm
Altitude: to 1500m
Colour: pink, sometimes reddish or yellowish
Flower: 4-12mm, borne in terminal solitary globose heads
Leaves: leaflets oval, notched, margins and veins bright green
Habitat: roadsides, stony places, waste ground, cultivated fields
Distribution: the Mediterranean region, including the Canary Islands






Notes: Trifolium stellatum has become naturalised in south-eastern Great Britain. This plant is easily identified by its starry calyces.

Related key words: finca, Alpujarras, Vereda de la Estrella, Sierra Nevada, Sierra de Huétor, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Alps, butterfly

Neottia ovata

English: Common Twayblade - Eggleaf Twayblade
Nederlands: Grote keverorchis
Español: Listera ovada - Yerba de dos hojas - Hierba de dos hojas
Français: Grande listère - Listère ovale - Double-feuille
Deutsch: Großes Zweiblatt

Family: Orchidaceae - Orchid family
Flowering time: May-July
Height: 20-45cm
Altitude: to 2100m
Colour: green, greenish-yellow
Flower: borne in a long slender spike, sepals and petals forming a loose hood, lip 7-15mm long
Leaves: two broad oval basal leaves, almost opposite, dull green, ribbed, 5–20 cm long
Habitat: woodland, scrub, grassy places, dune slacks, moorland
Distribution: most European countries
Synonym: Listera ovata





Notes: Although Common Twayblade is one of the commonest European orchids, it is a protected species in many countries. Neottia ovata is on the Dutch Red List, Belgium Red List and European Red List of vascular plants. It is also on the ´Lista de Especies amenazadas de Andalucía´.

Related key words: Rotterdam, Heemtuin Tenellaplas Rockanje, Sierra de Almijara, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië