Geum urbanum

English: Herb Bennet - Blessed Herb - Holy Herb - Colewort
Nederlands: Geel nagelkruid - Gewoon nagelkruid
Español: Hierba de San Benito - Hierba Bennet
Français: Benoîte commune - Benoîte des villes - Herbe du bon soldat
Deutsch: Echte Nelkenwurz - Gemeine Nelkenwurz - Benediktinerkraut

Family: Rosaceae - Rose family
Flowering time: May-August
Height: 20-60 cm
Altitude: to 2000m
Colour: yellow
Flower: 8-15mm
Fruit: achenes hairy, with feathery, hooked styles
Leaves: basal leaves with 1-5 pairs of unequal, deeply-lobed; stem leaves 3-lobed
Habitat: woods, dunes, shaded habitats
Distribution: almost all over Europe





Notes: The fruits of Geum urbanum have burrs, which are used for dispersal by getting caught in the fur of animals or clothes of people. Geum urbanum hybridises fairly regularly with Geum rivale (Water Avens), as they are closely related and occur together (Geum x intermedium). Geum urbanum is on the Belgium Red List of vascular plants classified as ´at the moment not threatened´. In the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain, apart from Geum urbanum three other Geum species can be found: Geum heterocarpum, Geum rivale and Geum sylvaticum.

Related key words: Heemtuin Kralingse Bos Rotterdam, Refugio Rosales, San Jerónimo, Dehesa del Camarate, Sierra Nevada, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Picos de Europa, insect

Geum sylvaticum

English:
Nederlands:
Español: Hierba del ermitaño - Cege
Français: Benoîte des bois
Deutsch:

Family: Rosaceae - Rose family
Flowering time: April-June
Height: 10-40cm
Altitude: 500-1800m
Colour: yellow
Flower: usually 5 petals, fruits have hooked achenes
Leaves: basal leaves and stem leaves different
Habitat: shaded grasslands, clearings in holm oak or pine forests
Distribution: western Mediterranean; France and Spain
Synonym: Geum pyrenaicum var. sylvaticum





Notes: In the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain, apart from Geum sylvaticum three other Geum species can be found: Geum heterocarpum, Geum rivale and Geum urbanum.

Related key words: San Jerónimo, Güéjar Sierra, Jardin Botánico la Cortijuela, Sierra Nevada, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Pirineos, Pyrenees, Pyreneeën, Picos de Europa, Alps, nagelkruid, Avens, Nelkenwurz

Biscutella auriculata

English:
Nederlands:
Español: Hierba de los anteojos - Anteojera - Anteojos de Santa Lucía - Tamarilla - Libiana
Français: Lunetière à oreillettes - Lunetière auriculée
Deutsch:

Family: Brassicaceae - Cabbage family
Flowering time: April-June
Height: 30-60cm
Altitude: 100-1500m
Colour: yellow - lemon yellow
Flower: with four petals up to 15mm
Leaves: basal leaves in rosette, slightly toothed, upper ones untoothed
Habitat: edge of roads, cultivated fields, rocky terrain
Distribution: western Mediterranean, from Portugal to Italy, including the Balearic Islands






Notes: Biscutella refers to the double shield-like seed pods. These look like reading glasses which explains its vernacular name in Spanish and French. In the Sierra Nevada where these photos are taken, many other Biscutella species can be found, like Biscutella atropurpurea, Biscutella glacialis and Biscutella laevigata. Biscutella auriculata is one of the nectar plants and larval host plants of Anthocharis euphenoides (Provence Orange Tip) and of Zegris eupheme (Sooty Orange Tip)

Related key words: Arenales del Trevenque, Vereda de la Estrella, Sierra Nevada, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Picos de Europa, Spain, butterfly, vlinder, nectarplant, waardplant, insect, Bombylius major, Greater Bee Fly, Gewone Wolzwever, Mosca abeja mayor, Grand bombyle, Große Wollschweber

Biscutella laevigata

English: Buckler Mustard
Nederlands: Brilkruid
Español: Hierba de los anteojos
Français: Lunetière lisse - Biscutelle commune
Deutsch: Glatt-Brillenschötchen - Glattfrüchtiges Brillenschötchen - Gewöhnliches Brillenschötchen

Family: Brassicaceae - Cabbage family
Flowering time: May-July
Height: 15-40cm
Altitude:
Colour: yellow - lemon yellow
Flower: 6-10mm
Leaves: linear to lanceolate, lobed or toothed, stem leaves up to 2
Habitat: dry limestone rocks, slopes, fissures of rocks, waste places
Distribution: central, southern and northern Europe as far north as Belgium
Synonym: Biscutella valentina subsp. valentina var. laevigata (Picos de Europa)





Notes: Biscutella laevigata is a complex species which includes a number of subspecies and varieties. It has a distinctive sheath, long, flat with two rounded lobes which are divided over time. Biscutella refers to these double shield-like seed pods. These look like reading glasses which explains its vernacular name in many languages. In the Sierra Nevada where these photos are taken, three other Biscutella species can be found: Biscutella atropurpurea, Biscutella auriculata and Biscutella glacialis. Biscutella laevigata is one of the nectar plants and larval host plants of Anthocharis euphenoides (Provence Orange Tip).

Related key words: Arenales del Trevenque, Vereda de la Estrella, Sierra Nevada, finca, Alpujarras, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Picos de Europa, Spain, Alps, butterfly, vlinder, nectarplant, waardplant, Anthocharis euphenoides, Provence Orange Tip, Geel oranjetipje, Bandera española, Aurore de Provence,Gelber Aurorafalter

Rothmaleria granatensis

English:
Nederlands:
Español: Hierba de Rothmaler
Français:
Deutsch:

Family: Asteraceae - Daisy family
Flowering time: May-June
Height: 5-30cm
Altitude: 1100-1800m
Colour: yellow
Flower:
Leaves: basal leaves are arranged in a rosette
Habitat: dolomitic communities, gravelly terrain
Distribution: endemic of Andalusian provinces Málaga en Granada  in southern Spain
Synonym: Haenselera granatensis





Notes: A yellow daisy that is named after the Granada province where it can be found in the Sierra de Alfacar, Sierra de Almijara, Sierra de los Guájares and Sierra Nevada. Rothmaleria granatensis is a threatened species that is included in the Red List of the Vascular Flora of Andalucía

Related key words: PR-A 21 Arenales del Trevenque, Sendero Boca de la Pescá, Jardín botánico de la Cortijuela, Sierra Nevada, Sierra de Huétor, Andalucía, Andalusië, Spain

Raphanus raphanistrum

English: Wild Radish - Jointed Charlock
Nederlands: Knopherik - Wilde radijs
Español: Rabaniza - Rabizón - Rábano silvestre
Français: Ravenelle - Radis ravenelle - Radis sauvage
Deutsch: Acker-Rettich - Wilder Rettich - Gemeiner Hederich

Family: Brassicaceae - Cabbage family
Flowering time: April-September
Height: 20-60cm
Altitude:
Colour: white, yellow, clearly visible veins
Flower: 15-30mm
Leaves: lower ones pinnately lobed, upper unlobed; blunt-toothed
Habitat: cultivated and bare ground, waste places, mainly on clay soils
Distribution: native to Asia (according to some authorities native to the Mediterranean).
Synonym: Crucifera raphanistrum





Notes: Wild Radish is a larval host plant of a number of butterflies: Large White, Small White and Green-veined White. It is a significant source of pollen and nectar for a variety of pollinators, especially for honey bees in early spring. Raphanus raphanistrum varies in colour, usually from white to purple but sometimes light orange to yellow, often with colour shading within a single petal. It has been introduced into most parts of the world, and is regarded as a damagingly invasive species in many continents. This species that spreads rapidly is often found growing on roadsides or in other places where the ground has been disturbed.

Related key words: Rotterdam Kralingen, Fort Rammekens Ritthem