Biscutella auriculata

English:
Nederlands:
Español: Hierba de los anteojos - Anteojera - Anteojos de Santa Lucía - Tamarilla - Libiana
Français: Lunetière à oreillettes - Lunetière auriculée
Deutsch:

Family: Brassicaceae - Cabbage family
Flowering time: April-June
Height: 30-60cm
Altitude: 100-1500m
Colour: yellow - lemon yellow
Flower: with four petals up to 15mm
Leaves: basal leaves in rosette, slightly toothed, upper ones untoothed
Habitat: edge of roads, cultivated fields, rocky terrain
Distribution: western Mediterranean, from Portugal to Italy, including the Balearic Islands






Notes: Biscutella refers to the double shield-like seed pods. These look like reading glasses which explains its vernacular name in Spanish and French. In the Sierra Nevada where these photos are taken, many other Biscutella species can be found, like Biscutella atropurpurea, Biscutella glacialis and Biscutella laevigata. Biscutella auriculata is one of the nectar plants and larval host plants of Anthocharis euphenoides (Provence Orange Tip) and of Zegris eupheme (Sooty Orange Tip)

Related key words: Arenales del Trevenque, Vereda de la Estrella, Sierra Nevada, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Picos de Europa, Spain, butterfly, vlinder, nectarplant, waardplant, insect, Bombylius major, Greater Bee Fly, Gewone Wolzwever, Mosca abeja mayor, Grand bombyle, Große Wollschweber

Biscutella laevigata

English: Buckler Mustard
Nederlands: Brilkruid
Español: Hierba de los anteojos
Français: Lunetière lisse - Biscutelle commune
Deutsch: Glatt-Brillenschötchen - Glattfrüchtiges Brillenschötchen - Gewöhnliches Brillenschötchen

Family: Brassicaceae - Cabbage family
Flowering time: May-July
Height: 15-40cm
Altitude:
Colour: yellow - lemon yellow
Flower: 6-10mm
Leaves: linear to lanceolate, lobed or toothed, stem leaves up to 2
Habitat: dry limestone rocks, slopes, fissures of rocks, waste places
Distribution: central, southern and northern Europe as far north as Belgium
Synonym: Biscutella valentina subsp. valentina var. laevigata (Picos de Europa)





Notes: Biscutella laevigata is a complex species which includes a number of subspecies and varieties. It has a distinctive sheath, long, flat with two rounded lobes which are divided over time. Biscutella refers to these double shield-like seed pods. These look like reading glasses which explains its vernacular name in many languages. In the Sierra Nevada where these photos are taken, three other Biscutella species can be found: Biscutella atropurpurea, Biscutella auriculata and Biscutella glacialis. Biscutella laevigata is one of the nectar plants and larval host plants of Anthocharis euphenoides (Provence Orange Tip).

Related key words: Arenales del Trevenque, Vereda de la Estrella, Sierra Nevada, finca, Alpujarras, Granada, Andalucía, Andalusia, Andalusië, Picos de Europa, Spain, Alps, butterfly, vlinder, nectarplant, waardplant, Anthocharis euphenoides, Provence Orange Tip, Geel oranjetipje, Bandera española, Aurore de Provence,Gelber Aurorafalter

Raphanus raphanistrum

English: Wild Radish - Jointed Charlock
Nederlands: Knopherik - Wilde radijs
Español: Rabaniza - Rabizón - Rábano silvestre
Français: Ravenelle - Radis ravenelle - Radis sauvage
Deutsch: Acker-Rettich - Wilder Rettich - Gemeiner Hederich

Family: Brassicaceae - Cabbage family
Flowering time: April-September
Height: 20-60cm
Altitude:
Colour: white, yellow, clearly visible veins
Flower: 15-30mm
Leaves: lower ones pinnately lobed, upper unlobed; blunt-toothed
Habitat: cultivated and bare ground, waste places, mainly on clay soils
Distribution: native to Asia (according to some authorities native to the Mediterranean).
Synonym: Crucifera raphanistrum





Notes: Wild Radish is a larval host plant of a number of butterflies: Large White, Small White and Green-veined White. It is a significant source of pollen and nectar for a variety of pollinators, especially for honey bees in early spring. Raphanus raphanistrum varies in colour, usually from white to purple but sometimes light orange to yellow, often with colour shading within a single petal. It has been introduced into most parts of the world, and is regarded as a damagingly invasive species in many continents. This species that spreads rapidly is often found growing on roadsides or in other places where the ground has been disturbed.

Related key words: Rotterdam Kralingen, Fort Rammekens Ritthem

Erysimum cheiri

English: Wallflower - Aegean Wallflower
Nederlands: Muurbloem
Español: Alhelí
Français: Giroflée - Violier jaune - Ravenelle
Deutsch: Goldlack

Family: Brassicaceae - Cabbage family
Flowering time: April-June
Height: 20-70cm
Altitude: to 1200m
Colour: yellow
Flower: 20-25mm
Leaves: narrow and pointed, up to 20cm
Habitat: rocky places, moraines, screes, cliffs, walls
Distribution: native to south-eastern Europe, widely naturalized in other parts of Europe
Synonym: Cheiranthus cheiri





Notes: Wallflower is a threatened species in the Netherlands and on the Dutch Red List of vascular plants. On the walls of Fort Rammekens, a sea fortress in Ritthem (province of Zeeland) that dates from 1547, more than three thousand Wallflower plants have been counted. This is about three-quarters of the entire population of Erysimum cheiri in this country.
It is said that in Great Britain the Normans introduced Erysimum cheiri by importing stones to build their castles. Nowadays Wallflower is widely cultivated in gardens in Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and Germany. Many cultivars have been developed and these are available in shades of yellow, orange, red, maroon, purple, brown, white and cream.

Related key words: Fort Rammekens Ritthem, Rotterdam Botanische tuin Kralingen, Tuinmuurbloem, Vélar de Marshall, Siberian Wallflower, insect, Nederlandse Rode Lijst